Numerical Study on Non‐Fourier Heat and Mass Transfer in Non‐Newtonian Nanofluid in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

ABSTRACT In this work, coupled non‐Fourier heat and mass transfer in a non‐Newtonian fluid is investigated numerically. The fundamental conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and species concentration are used to simulate the mass and thermal transport process in a second‐grade hybrid nanofluid. Non‐Fourier theory is used to create thermal and solute fluxes under the influence of thermal relaxation time. An effective computational approach, BVP4C, is used to solve the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations numerically once it has been converted into a dimensionless form. Examining how nanoparticle dispersion affects important engineering performance metrics, such as the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, is given particular attention. To clarify how the temperature and concentration distributions are affected by non‐Newtonian fluid parameters, thermal and mass relaxation time and nanoparticle dispersion properties, parametric analyses are performed. The findings show that, under some operating situations, improved nanoparticle dispersion increases heat and mass transfer rates, while non‐Fourier effects considerably modify the thermal and solutal boundary layer behavior. The current research offers valuable information for the development and improvement of certain operating conditions, improved nanoparticle dispersion enhances heat and mass transfer rates, while non‐Fourier effects significantly modify the thermal and solutal boundary layer behavior in sophisticated thermal systems that use non‐Newtonian nanofluids. It is concluded that the multi‐nanoparticles are more effective in enhancing heat transfer relative to nanoparticles of a single kind. Tri‐nanosecond‐grade fluid exerts the highest shear stress relative to hybrid and nano‐second‐grade fluids. Moreover, Newtonian fluid exerts the least shear stress in comparison with second‐grade fluid with nanoparticles or without nanoparticles. The Nusselt number has shown a monotonic increase with the time relaxation parameter. The Sherwood number is an increasing function of the concentration relaxation time parameter.