Experience of the Baltic States in Countering History-Linked Kremlin Propaganda: A Case Study

Abstract The Kremlin is weaponising historical narratives and using them against neighbouring countries to spread propaganda and disinformation. This is a big challenge because historical memory could be represented as one of the pillars of the modern state and society, and, therefore, the ground of the social resilience itself. The research showed that the process of countering the narratives of the Kremlin propaganda linked to historical events in the Baltic states is based on three pillars: (1) considerable attention to one’s own history and restoration of historical truth after (and about) the period of the Soviet occupation; (2) activities of the mainstream media to countering the Kremlin’s propaganda and disinformation in general; (3) certain initiatives of civil society and the so-called influencers. The strength of all three processes mentioned above ensures the sustainability of social resilience (especially in the field of information security).