The Future of Digital Twins in Europe

Abstract This chapter explores the future of digital twin (DT) technologies in Europe, identifying emerging trends, strategic challenges, and innovation pathways toward 2030 and beyond. Building on the foundational work of the AI, Data and Robotics Association (ADRA) Digital Twin Topic Group, it provides a forward-looking analysis of how DTs can transform European industry and society. The chapter highlights Europe’s unique opportunity to lead in ethical, sustainable, and value-driven DT adoption, distinct from the investment-heavy approaches of global competitors. Key enablers such as AI integration, data governance, frugal computing, talent development, and regulatory alignment are discussed in depth. A multi-phase technology roadmap is proposed, outlining short-, mid-, and long-term priorities, including DTs’ convergence with mechatronics, AR/VR, and predictive intelligence. Finally, the chapter calls for coordinated European action to foster open innovation ecosystems and establish Europe as a global reference in trusted, human-centric digital twin technologies.