Ethical Theories for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare

This chapter explores the intersection of ethical frameworks and the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, addressing the complexities and challenges posed by technological advancements. It begins by outlining fundamental ethical theories and principles which offer frameworks for ethical decision-making in the context of AI. Specific ethical dilemmas that arise from the integration of AI in healthcare, such as patient autonomy, informed consent, bias in algorithmic decision-making and others will be examined. Through the lenses of these ethical frameworks, various scenarios where AI technologies may impact elements of healthcare and stakeholders will be presented in order to arrive at ethical conclusions in decision-making. Key discussions will focus on the necessity of establishing ethical guidelines that prioritize patient welfare and equity and facilitate decision-making in all categories of healthcare stakeholders—patients, clinicians, administrators, health informatics workers, AI developers, researchers, educators, regulators—and across the various corporate enterprises involved in health services and products. These guidelines must ensure accountability for all AI-driven decisions. The chapter emphasizes the importance of fostering a patient-centered approach, advocating for fairness and transparency in AI applications.