WASH for Public Health: The Indian Experience in a Global Context

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to protecting public health and fostering sustainable development. This chapter highlights WASH globally, with a strong focus on India’s progress under the Jal Jeevan Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission. These landmark initiatives have expanded household tap water coverage, achieved open defecation-free status nationwide, and advanced solid and liquid waste management. The outcomes include significant reductions in diarrheal disease, improved school attendance for girls, time savings for women, and measurable economic benefits. Drawing on recent government data, the chapter highlights achievements, ongoing challenges, and directions essential for sustaining WASH outcomes.