The Ankle and Foot

The foot and ankle are anatomically and biomechanically complex, comprising numerous bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and soft tissues that together enable weight-bearing, mobility, and balance. Accurate radiological assessment is vital given the intricate anatomy and frequent clinical involvement in trauma, congenital anomalies, and degenerative conditions. This chapter provides an overview of foot and ankle imaging, encompassing normal anatomy, common congenital deformities, osseous variants, and both acute and chronic pathologies. Standard radiographs remain the initial modality of choice, with weight-bearing views offering critical insights into alignment. CT is invaluable for evaluating complex osseous architecture and surgical planning, while MRI excels in soft tissue characterization and detection of occult pathology. Ultrasound serves a complementary role, particularly for superficial structures and dynamic assessment. Congenital conditions such as talipes equinovarus, vertical talus, and tarsal coalition are discussed along with common variants such as sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles. An exploration of trauma—including Lisfranc injuries, stress fractures, and sesamoid fractures—is provided, alongside soft tissue disorders such as plantar fasciitis, tendon pathology, plantar plate injuries, and nerve entrapments.