Recent Advances in Understanding and Reducing Multi-Geohazard Risks: Liquefaction, Coastal and Submarine Landslides, Turbidity Currents, and Tsunamis

Abstract Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk is the flagship aim of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). This article presents some recent advances in understanding and reducing multi-geohazard risks, with special reference to liquefaction, coastal and submarine landslides, turbidity currents, and tsunamis. These represent cascading multi-geohazards that are widespread across the globe, and thereby impact people’s lives and critical infrastructures amid global climate change. The article presents practical liquefaction prediction and assessment methods under both earthquakes and severe ocean waves that are essential in understanding and reducing the disaster risks of large-scale long-runout landslides and their consequences. In particular, the crucial role of the dynamics of liquefied gravity flows and their devastating impacts are highlighted, together with the corresponding predictions in the light of the observations. Coastal and submarine landslides, tsunamis, and turbidity currents worldwide are presented with links to liquefaction. The article also presents a global review and worldwide perspective involving hazard mapping and improved early warning that may facilitate better understanding of the multiple mechanisms and multi-phased physics, as presented in this Lesson, to further promote understanding and reducing the multi-geohazard risks at both the regional and global scales.