From Vacancy to Vitality: How ‘Meanwhile’ Spaces Shape Urban-Rural Socio-economic Dynamics in Oxfordshire, UK

This chapter examines the transformative potential of collaborative workspaces (CWS) in bridging urban and rural socio-economic divides, using the case study of Makespace Oxford in the UK. Resonating with the principles of neo-endogenous model, Makespace Oxford employs the innovative ‘Meanwhile’ approach to repurpose underutilised buildings into accessible, multi-functional spaces, prioritising local embeddedness and community-led practices. This research investigates how Makespace Oxford challenges the market-driven CWS practices to foster inclusivity and regional cohesion. The findings demonstrate a hybrid approach that integrates collaborative workspace, community centres, social hubs, and event spaces, enabling Makespace Oxford to address both urban and rural challenges. In urban contexts, it revitalises high streets and supports purpose-driven organisations, while in rural areas, it bridges geographic isolation and creates opportunities for underserved communities. By leveraging local resources and integrating external support, Makespace Oxford demonstrates how CWS can act as intermediaries to promote urban-rural connectivity, socio-economic resilience, and community cohesion. The chapter concludes with recommendations for scaling the ‘Meanwhile’ model in urban and rural regions with varying socio-economic contexts.