Next-to-next-to-leading power corrections to unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

A bstract Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a key tool for exploring the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon through Transverse Momentum Dependent parton distributions and fragmentation functions. While leading-power contributions to the SIDIS cross-section are well established, next-to-leading power (NLP) corrections of order 1/ Q and next-to-next-to-leading power (NNLP) corrections of order 1/ Q 2 to the hadronic tensor have only recently begun to be systematically investigated. These corrections are essential for reliable phenomenology and interpretation of modern high-precision data. In recent papers by one of the authors, NNLP corrections to the Drell-Yan process were derived using the rapidity factorization formalism. In the present work, we extend this approach to SIDIS and obtain analytic expressions for the unpolarized structure functions. We derive NNLP corrections that include convolutions of unpolarized distributions, f 1 , with unpolarized fragmentation functions, D 1 , and Boer-Mulders functions, $$ {h}_1^{\perp } $$ h 1 ⊥ , with Collins fragmentation functions, $$ {H}_1^{\perp } $$ H 1 ⊥ . We compare our results with previous formulations, provide numerical studies, confront our predictions with HERMES and COMPASS measurements, and present predictions for future experiments at Jefferson Lab and the Electron-Ion Collider.