Design and Characterization of a Wind Tunnel for Wind Erosion Research

Abstract Wind tunnels are indispensable tools for the controlled analysis of wind-induced soil erosion, sediment transport and deposition, especially given the complexities of direct field observation. This research focused on the design and in-depth characterization of a new wind tunnel facility established at Erciyes University, specifically designed to simulate wind erosion mechanisms in fragile light-textured soils. Constructed of aluminum composite, the tunnel features a 5 m test section, a raised platform for easy access, and an axial fan capable of generating variable wind conditions. Wind speed profiles were meticulously measured at 5, 7 and 9 m/s using pitot-type anemometer at various longitudinal positions. Reynolds numbers were well above 200,000, clearly confirming a fully turbulent flow regime, while Froude numbers remained consistently below 7.64, indicating subcritical flow. The thickness of the developing boundary layer was observed to vary between 0.10 and 0.24 m, corresponding to shear velocities between 0.146 and 0.504 m/s. The spatial variability of the wind flow along the test section was effectively visualized using kriging interpolation. These comprehensive experimental results highlight the ability of the wind tunnel to mimic natural wind erosion scenarios effectively and to provide important quantitative data sets for the improvement and validation of soil erosion prediction models. As a result, this advanced wind tunnel is well positioned to facilitate future in-depth investigations of aeolian processes and the further development of predictive modelling frameworks, thereby providing valuable insights for mitigating land degradation and informing sustainable environmental management practices in vulnerable regions.