Molecular features in gangliogliomas: a systematic review

Abstract Purpose In the present study, a systematic revision in the Medline was conducted to determine the somatic mutation in gangliogliomas. Methods A Medline search for relevant publications up to October 2024 using the key phrase “ganglioglioma mutation” led to the retrieval of 297 studies. This corpus provided the basis for the present review. The records without abstract or descriptions of somatic mutations were excluded. Only records in the English language were considered. Results A total of 43 papers were evaluated, reporting a total of 1360 cases of ganglioglioma. Among them, 528 cases presented mutations in 6 genes: BRAF V600E , FGFR1 , H3K27M , KRAS , IDH1 , and RAF1 . The most common mutation was BRAF V600E present in 36.94%, followed by the mutation in FGFR1 , reported in 1.18% of cases. Conclusion BRAF V600E mutation was the most common alteration observed in gangliogliomas, whereas mutations in other genes, such as FGFR1 , H3K27M , KRAS , IDH1 , and RAF1 , were rare.