Virtual reality and immersive theatre experiences: an internal motivation study

Abstract Virtual Reality (VR) technology is profoundly transforming theatrical arts by creating unprecedented immersive experiences. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines how intrinsic motivational factors influence user satisfaction in VR immersive theater games. Using data from 363 participants of the VR theater game The Under Presents, we developed and validated an intrinsic factor–driven model. Results showed that autonomy, competence, and relatedness significantly predicted perceived interaction (R² = 0.307) and emotional engagement (R² = 0.300), which together enhanced immersion (R² = 0.242). Immersion emerged as the strongest predictor of satisfaction (β = 0.486; R² = 0.232). Mediation analysis further confirmed that intrinsic motivational factors indirectly influenced satisfaction through immersion. By integrating SDT with interaction and emotional constructs in VR environments, this study constructed and validated a comprehensive mechanism model that clarifies the pathways through which intrinsic motivation affects satisfaction in VR immersive theater games. The findings provide theoretical grounding and practical guidance for the design and development of VR games and interactive entertainment platforms, offering new perspectives for optimizing user experience in virtual environments.