Hantavirus infection in emergency radiology: Imaging manifestations, pathophysiology, and infection control considerations

In April 2026, several cases of severe respiratory illnesses were reported aboard the cruise ship MV Hondius during its voyage from Argentina. Subsequent laboratory testing identified Andes virus (ANDV), a hantavirus subtype, with rare but documented human-to-human transmission. Although hantavirus infections are uncommon, both hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Their rapid progression and potential need for intensive respiratory support continue to pose important challenges for emergency departments, intensive care units, and radiology services. Because pulmonary imaging findings often evolve quickly, radiologists play a critical role in early recognition and triage. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, imaging manifestations, and operational considerations relevant to hantavirus infection in emergency radiology practice.