The late supper: a report on nocturnal scavenging behavior by Brahminy Kites (Haliastur indus) using artificial light

Abstract Artificial nighttime light emissions and skyglow are disrupting natural light cycles globally, with significant implications for wildlife by altering the timing of critical biological processes. This study reports on nocturnal scavenging behavior observed in Brahminy Kites ( Haliastur indus ) in an urban environment. Brahminy Kites, typically diurnal raptors, were observed exhibiting nocturnal foraging behavior around a fishing harbor illuminated by artificial lighting. This comportment, documented for the first time in India, indicates an opportunistic foraging behavior to exploit food resources available at night. Observations were conducted at the Vaddy Fishing Harbour in Kollam City, Kerala, where Brahminy Kites were observed scavenging on fish discards and fish captured by fishermen during nighttime hours. Artificial illumination appears to play a significant role in facilitating nocturnal feeding behavior in these diurnal raptors.