Elephant ear yam Xanthosoma robustum Schott (Araceae), a neglected crop native to Central America

Abstract Xanthosoma robustum Schott (Araceae) is a large, starch-producing aroid native to Mexico and Central America. It is traditionally cultivated as a food and medicinal plant but remains poorly characterised. This literature review critically synthesises published data on the species’ taxonomy, morphology, phylogenetic relationships, distribution, ecology, reproductive biology, ethnobotany, and conservation. Xanthosoma robustum is morphologically distinct but frequently misidentified. Currently, no molecular phylogeny resolves its relationships or intraspecific diversity. Available evidence shows that the species is suitable for low-input tropical agroecosystems and that it is tolerant to biotic stress. The specialised cyclocephaline beetle–mediated pollination system involving pronounced floral thermogenesis, typical for neotropical aroids, is briefly outlined. Ex-situ germplasm representation and formal breeding efforts are minimal, and in-situ conservation relies largely on traditional agroecosystems. We identify key research priorities to support the sustainable use and the genetic preservation of this research-neglected crop species.