Enhancing optical and electrical properties of PVA/PVP–GnP nanocomposites for advanced applications

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol/Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Graphene nanoplatelet (PVA/PVP–GnP) nanocomposite films prepared using the solution mixing method. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films were evaluated, revealing significant enhancements in their physical properties attributed to the incorporation of GnPs. Electrical conductivity values dramatically increased from 1.96 × 10 –10 (for the pure PVA/PVP hybrid matrix) to 4.07 S m −1 (for the composite with 6.16 vol% GnP), due to the formation of conductive pathways created by the GnP network. Optical analysis demonstrated strong UV absorption, with a notable decrease in optical bandgap energy as GnP concentration increased, related to the creation of new localized energy states and charge transfer complexes. The Urbach energy, indicative of structural disorder and defect density, also increased with higher GnP content, reflecting enhanced electron transitions in the material. Refractive index, optical conductivity, and dielectric properties showed significant improvements, further supporting the potential of these materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications. The results emphasize the versatility of these nanocomposites for energy storage systems and other high-performance applications.