Review of achievements and trends in graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding

The development of construction and smart buildings with increased application of various wireless communications has created a new form of pollution known as electromagnetic interference (EMI), which has resulted in a range of negative effects. To prevent such malfunctions, electronic devices must be shielded so that both incoming and outgoing interference are effectively filtered. This review presents an overview of the latest achievements and recent trends in the design and properties of graphene/polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding. Two main groups are reviewed: (i) thermoplastic and (ii) thermoset polymer systems mixed with graphene, graphene oxide, and modified graphene, used to produce the corresponding nanocomposite films. In addition, graphene-foam-based nanocomposites are discussed as a distinct class of lightweight, three-dimensional architectures. The article emphasizes the relationships between composition, processing routes, microstructure, and shielding effectiveness across relevant frequency ranges, highlighting strategies to achieve high specific shielding performance at low filler loadings. This review intends to cover recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives in the development of graphene/polymer nanocomposites as efficient EMI-shielding materials, providing a comprehensive overview of compositional, structural, and processing strategies for composites used in EMI-shielding applications.