Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol succinate on Al₂O₃-NPs induced damage in NMRI mice Sertoli cells: the role of inhibin B and Connexin 43

Abstract Background Sertoli cells are essential for spermatogenesis, controlling the microenvironment and interacting with germ cells. This study evaluates the preventive effect of alpha-tocopherol succinate against Al₂O₃-NPs-induced damage in NMRI mice Sertoli cells. Methods The effects of Al₂O₃-NPs and vitamin E were assessed on Sertoli cells using viability assays, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis detection, and gene expression analysis. Results Al₂O₃-NPs significantly reduced Sertoli cell viability and increased apoptosis, while vitamin E treatment mitigated these effects. Expression of INHBB and Cx43 was significantly downregulated by Al₂O₃-NPs and upregulated with vitamin E. Conclusion Vitamin E alleviates Al₂O₃-NPs-induced Sertoli cell damage by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and restoring INHBB and Cx43 expression.