An Overview of Endometriosis and Potential Pharmacogenetic Targets

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects approximately 10-15% of women of reproductive age globally and is characterized by heterogeneous symptoms with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility being the most common. Although pharmacological treatments are available to manage its symptoms, many women either do not respond to these therapies or experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that outweigh the original symptoms of endometriosis. RATIONALE/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of endometriosis and to identify pharmacogenetic markers that might influence drug response in its treatment and management. OUTCOMES: Current research highlights a critical gap in pharmacogenetic biomarkers for endometriosis treatment, limiting the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Integrative multi-omics approaches combining genetic, inflammatory, and hormonal profiles may enhance patient stratification and optimize individualized care.