Patterns of abundance of three reptile species inside the metropolitan area of Rome (Italy)

Abstract Urbanization reshapes natural environments, impacting biodiversity and creating complex ecosystems where some species adapt while others decline. This study examines the abundance and distribution patterns of three reptile species — Podarcis siculus , P. muralis , and Tarentola mauritanica — within the metropolitan area of Rome, Italy. Data were collected from 36 plots representing different level of urbanization, categorized by green cover percentage. Results reveal P. siculus as the most widespread species, found across all vegetation cover categories, while P. muralis and T. mauritanica were more frequent in plots with over 50% of green cover. Vegetation type emerged as a primary factor influencing reptile abundance, with meadow and tree cover positively affecting Podarcis species, while bush cover promoted T. mauritanica abundance. Notably, P. muralis abundance increased with the number of urban features such as fountains and garbage bins, the latter suggesting potential exploitation of anthropogenic food resources. Possibly, species interactions also played a role, with P. siculus and P. muralis exhibiting a negative relationship in abundance, while P. muralis and T. mauritanica showed a positive association. The study highlights the importance of maintaining heterogeneous urban green spaces to support reptile biodiversity. These insights contribute to urban ecology and inform strategies to enhance biodiversity in metropolitan landscapes.