Genotoxic effects of association of the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine on the Xenopus tropicalis fibroblast cell line
Abstract
Abstract During cadaveric decomposition, necro-leachate is released into the surrounding environment, containing organic compounds such as the biogenic amines cadaverine (CAD) and putrescine (PUT). In this study, we performed the first integrated assessment of the genotoxic effects of CAD and PUT combinations at different concentrations (CAD: 0.3 × 10⁻ 3 , 0.6 × 10⁻ 3 , and 1.1 × 10⁻ 3 mol/L; PUT: 0.6 × 10⁻ 3 , 6.0 × 10⁻⁶, and 6.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L) using Xenopus tropicalis (Speedy lineage) fibroblast cells. We evaluated genotoxicity via comet assay, micronucleus test, and flow cytometry. After 24 h of exposure, cells exposed to a combination of CAD 0.3 × 10⁻ 3 mol/L and PUT 6.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L (8) exhibited significantly increased frequency of micronuclei (1.88 vs. 0.88 in the negative control; p
Fields of Study & Subjects
Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
Animal testing and alternatives
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 11962–11976
- Publication date
- 17 July 2026
- Language
- EN