Exploring the Contributions of Islamic Beliefs and Practices to the Physical and Mental Health of Older People: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract In recent decades, Islamic countries have undergone significant demographic shifts, with a noticeable increase in the proportion of older people. Religion, particularly Islam, plays a crucial role in helping older people overcome challenges such as loneliness, declining health, and the loss of loved ones. However, insufficient systematic reviews have been conducted on the literature on aged care from an Islamic perspective, illustrating that extensive studies in this field are required. Thus, the aim of the current paper was to bridge this gap by examining how Islamic beliefs and practices contribute to the physical and mental health of older people. Utilizing the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases, in addition to the gray literature, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken in August 2024. The inclusion criteria involved experimental, non-experimental, observational, and qualitative studies involving individuals aged 60 and above, with a focus on Islamic involvement. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The inclusion of 29 articles was supported by the methodological quality assessments. Four themes were identified: Islamic principles in care for older people; Islamic values and mental health; Islamic-based interventions and health outcomes; and spiritual needs and older people care. The integration of Islamic values into the care of older people offers a holistic approach that improves their physical and mental health. Future healthcare policies and guidelines should emphasize spiritual care as an essential element in care for older people to provide a more comprehensive and effective care approach.