The impact of addictive substances on employees’ job performance and workplace safety: A phenomenological study

Abstract This study aims to explore the impact of substance addiction on employees’ job performance and workplace safety through a phenomenological lens. The research focuses on how individuals with substance use disorders perceive their professional experiences, emotional states, and social interactions within the work environment. The study was designed using a qualitative phenomenological method. Semi-structured in depth interviews were conducted with 15 mining employees selected via criterion sampling. The participants, all of whom had a history of substance use, were interviewed across different regions in Turkey. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The study adhered to ethical standards and was reported according to the COREQ checklist. Three main themes and related subthemes emerged from the analysis: (1) The impact of substance use on job performance and safety attitudes; (2) Alienation and loss of professional identity in the workplace; and (3) Inner emotional challenges and individual coping strategies. Participants described cognitive difficulties, emotional exhaustion, increased workplace errors, weakened safety compliance, social isolation, and loss of belonging. Some individuals also reported efforts to recover and reestablish self control through personal strategies and peer support. The findings reveal that substance use significantly disrupts professional functionality, emotional stability, and organizational connectedness. The study emphasizes the need for empathy driven, context sensitive support strategies to improve employee well being and workplace safety. By bringing forward the lived experiences of affected workers, this research contributes valuable insights for developing preventive approaches and reinforcing safety culture within occupational settings.