Integrating artificial intelligence into neo-ecological theory

Abstract This paper integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) into neo-ecological theory to provide a lens through which to view the complex and dynamic influence of AI on human development and family systems. Neo-ecological theory was first delineated in 2022 as an adaptation of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory for the digital age. Since then, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a significant force in the lives of children, youth, and families, and theories are needed to structure how we address this complex phenomena in research and practice. To accommodate these advancements and corresponding cultural shift, neo-ecological theory is extended to incorporate the complex and dynamic influence of AI. AI is conceptualized as a person within the Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT) model, allowing for the examination of its person-like characteristics, such as learning capabilities and potential for bias. Building upon this personification, the paper explores how AI synergistically influences the contextual and temporal forces affecting proximal processes, the everyday interactions and activities that drive development. Extending neo-ecological theory to include AI allows researchers and practitioners to better understand and explore the impact of AI on human development and family systems, recognizing AI as an active and dynamic influence upon proximal processes.