Oral JΑΚ Inhibitors in Vitiligo Treatment

INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of skin pigmentation characterized by impaired melanocyte function and the appearance of well-outlined, white skin spots. Worldwide the incidence ranges between 0.5% and 2%. It has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients causing anxiety, depression, and social stigma. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the current evidence concerning vitiligo treatment with oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Medline, and Embase) were searched to identify all articles discussing vitiligo treatment with oral JAK inhibitors up to April 2025. RESULTS: We identified 217 articles encompassing vitiligo treatment with the JAK inhibitors baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, ritlecitinib, ruxolitinib, prebocitinib, and povorcitinib. LIMITATIONS: The data primarily stem from observational studies, case reports, case series, pilot studies, reviews, and meta-analyses. The establishment of treatment protocols necessitates more extensive and well-controlled studies. CONCLUSIONS: Oral JAK inhibitors could present an effective and safe option for patients with vitiligo; however. there is a need for further long-term studies and more data about treatment procedures.