Aglodorols A–J, undescribed terpenoids with multidimensional neuroprotective activities from Aglaia odorata Lour.

Abstract Three unprecedented triterpenoids ( 1 – 2 , 8 ), seven novel diterpenoids ( 13 – 16 , 19 – 21 ), and 12 known compounds ( 3 – 7 , 9 – 12 , 17 – 18 , 22 ) were isolated from the tender branches and leaves of Aglaia odorata Lour. Structural elucidation was achieved through integrated spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations (NMR/ECD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All isolates were evaluated for neuroprotective effects. Compounds 3 , 9 – 11 , 13 , 17 , and 18 showed significant protective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-mediated nerve injury in PC12 cells at 10 µM, while compounds 3 and 19 exhibited potent anti-excitotoxicity activity in the L-glutamate-induced HT22 cells at 20 µM. Strikingly, triterpenoids 1 , 2 , and 11 displayed remarkable activity against RSL3-induced PC12 cell death with EC 50 values ranging from 1.16 to 1.74 μM. Compound 22 exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity among the isolates against nitric oxide (NO) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 cells with an IC 50 value of 22.41 µM. Graphical Abstract