Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) – part-2

Andrological pathologies in adulthood often originate from conditions arising during childhood, adolescence, or even as early as the gestational and neonatal periods. Despite their clinical relevance, pediatric andrological disorders remain underrepresented in the literature and no shared position statements or comprehensive guidelines are currently available. The present paper complements a previous publication by the same societies, entitled “ Management of andrological disorders from infancy to adolescence and transitional age: Part-1 – The SIAMS–SIEDP position statement” , by further expanding on these topics. SIAMS, in collaboration with SIEDP, convened a multidisciplinary expert task force to develop updated guidelines on the diagnosis and management of andrological disorders from childhood through adolescence and into the transitional age. The resulting recommendations were formulated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. In this Part-2 of the guidelines, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on English-language articles related to “cryptorchidism,” “micropenis,” “hypospadias,” “testicular tumors,” “epididymitis,” “orchitis,” “differences/disorders of sexual development,” and “testicular torsion”. For each condition, three key aspects were analyzed: diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment. Based on this analysis, specific recommendations and suggestions were developed for each disorder. The multidisciplinary guidelines presented in this paper complement those published in the previous Part-1 document. Developed through collaboration among leading medical societies in the field, this joint effort led to a consensus on a set of practical recommendations and suggestions aimed at supporting healthcare professionals in optimizing both andrological and overall health during the transitional age.