Enhancing surface quality of M300 maraging steel components produced via selective laser melting: a comparison of tumbling techniques

Abstract This study investigates the effects of centrifugal and vibratory tumbling on the surface quality of M300 maraging steel components produced using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Surface roughness is a critical issue in SLM, impacting mechanical properties and overall performance. To address this, two abrasive finishing methods were applied using ceramic, plastic, and porcelain media. Evaluations were performed using 2D and 3D surface roughness measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and wettability analysis. Centrifugal tumbling, particularly with ceramic media, demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing surface roughness, achieving an Sa value as low as 0.39 μm. In contrast, vibratory tumbling showed limited improvement. EDS analysis highlighted a reduction in titanium content and an increase in silicon concentration, likely due to surface layer removal and media interaction. Wettability analysis further confirmed enhanced surface properties, with a reduced contact angle of 60°, promoting better adhesion. These findings emphasize the superiority of centrifugal tumbling for enhancing surface quality in SLM-printed M300 maraging steel components. This cost-effective post-processing technique offers practical applications for industries seeking improved surface integrity and functional performance in critical components.