The ethics behind the use of artificial intelligence in architectural design

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into architectural design introduces significant opportunities for innovation but raises profound ethical challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, professional accountability, and environmental issues. This study contributes to understanding its ethical implications. A survey of architecture master’s students at European universities explores attitudes towards AI’s role in design processes, its potential benefits, and perceived risks. Key findings reveal a strong and consistent preference for AI as a supportive tool that augments rather than replaces human creativity and professional decision-making. Participants emphasised the importance of safeguarding privacy, eliminating bias, and ensuring transparency and accountability in AI systems. This paper also proposes an ethical framework for integrating AI into architectural practice, advocating for balanced and inclusive approaches that prioritise societal values, environmental stewardship, and professional integrity. These findings offer empirical evidence and practical ethical guidance for architects, educators, researchers, professional organisations and policymakers who seek to support the responsible integration of AI into architectural practice while upholding principles of transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy and sustainability.