Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and functional properties of medical scrub fabrics

Abstract This study presents a novel approach for engineering high-performance medical scrub fabrics by integrating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with a durable water- and fluid-repellent finish. Experimental fabrics with plain (1/1) and twill (2/2) weaves were produced using cotton and polyester microfiber yarns. Functionalization was carried out using the pad–dry–cure technique to ensure uniform nanoparticle deposition and strong adhesion to the fabric surface. Comprehensive evaluations of mechanical, physical, and functional properties were performed to assess the influence of fiber type, weave structure, and dual finishing. The treated fabrics demonstrated significant mechanical enhancements, where both tensile strength and elongation increased compared with untreated fabrics, while air permeability was well maintained, ensuring wearer comfort. Hydrophobicity markedly improved, with the contact angle reaching 138.8° and the spray rating attaining 75, confirming the strong water- and fluid-repellent performance. Antimicrobial activity was highly effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with inhibition rates of 94.62%, 92.90%, and 90.12%, respectively, persisting even after ten washing cycles. These results confirm the effectiveness of ZnO-based dual finishing in producing multifunctional medical textiles that combine durability, breathability, water repellency, and long-lasting antimicrobial protection suitable for healthcare applications.