CACA guidelines for managing cancer therapy-induced neutropenia (2026)

Abstract Anticancer therapy, encompassing systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, as well as radiotherapy, can induce neutropenia. This condition is a frequent hematological adverse event and a dose-limiting toxicity. Neutropenia can cause interruptions or delays in anticancer therapy, febrile neutropenia, and serious infections, which in turn raises treatment costs, reduces therapeutic efficacy, and may even lead to life-threatening complications. Consequently, accurately assessing the risk of neutropenia, promptly identifying febrile neutropenia and infections, and implementing appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures are crucial for mitigating anticancer therapy-related complications, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of anticancer therapy. Grounded in evidence-based medicine and expert consensus, the Committee of Neoplastic Supportive-Care (CONS) of the China Anti-Cancer Association has developed these guidelines to assist clinical oncologists in managing neutropenia resulting from anticancer therapy.