Systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence of Sacha inchi

Abstract Background Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis ), a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, has long been valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties, including use in food and cosmetic industries as a poultice to soften, revitalize, and rejuvenate the skin. Its health benefits are attributed to its rich content of essential nutrients and phytocompounds. Objective This review systematically explores and compiles current scientific evidence on the efficacy of Sacha inchi. Methods Publications were identified and selected according to the PRISMA guidelines, with predetermined inclusion criteria. Databases searched included Web of Science, CENTRAL, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed®, and EBSCOhost. Results Thirteen articles were included, primarily using oil-based extracts or products, with treatment durations ranging from one month to 20 months in human studies and 75 min to 3.5 months in animal studies. Clinical findings support the benefits of Sacha inchi for metabolic syndrome, cognitive enhancement, dry eye syndrome, and dermatological health, while animal studies suggest potential effects in managing hypertension, hyperlmia, and offering neuroprotection. Conclusions However, there remains a lack of comprehensive evaluation of specific formulations or extracts in both clinical and preclinical settings. Further research is needed, particularly regarding safety data at higher doses and for prolonged use.