Socioeconomic determinants of household climate adaptation in Pabna municipality, Bangladesh

This study examines how socioeconomic factors shape household-level climate adaptation in Pabna Municipality, Bangladesh. Using a structured survey of 130 formal households, complemented by climatic trend analysis (1980–2024), this study assesses awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation practices using the Respondent Awareness Index (RAI), Problem Confrontation Index (PCI), and Adaptation Strategy Index (ASI). Respondents showed the highest awareness of rising summertime temperatures (RAI = 310), and 45.4% of households achieved an adaptation score of 6 or higher. Energy-efficient technologies, drainage maintenance, and climate information seeking emerged as the most widely adopted strategies. Regression analysis shows that house type (β = 0.417) and monthly income (β = 0.508) significantly predict adaptation levels. The findings highlight how financial capability and housing conditions enable or constrain adaptive action. The study underscores the need for targeted municipal and institutional support to enhance household resilience.