Role of glass fiber in enhancing mechanical, thermal, and durability characteristics of concrete

Abstract Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) is increasingly used in modern construction because of its improved strength, durability, and versatility. This review analyses data from several research papers to evaluate how glass fibers influence the mechanical, durability, and workability characteristics of concrete. Results show that glass fibers, when added in optimal amounts (typically 1.0% to 1.5% by volume), enhance compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength by improving crack resistance, ductility, and post-cracking behavior. Beyond strength, GFRC displays strong thermal stability, with several studies reporting residual strength retention up to 700 °C, making it a suitable material for fire-prone structures. Its incorporation also reduces permeability, limits microcracking, and increases resistance to chemical attacks, thus enhancing overall durability. Microstructural studies using SEM, TGA, and XRD confirm these improvements at the internal level. In terms of workability, low to moderate fiber content maintains acceptable flow, while higher volumes may require the use of superplasticizers. GFRC also enables lightweight and flexible design, making it ideal for applications like architectural panels, pavements, benches, and other precast components. This review confirms that GFRC is a high-performance, sustainable alternative to traditional concrete in both structural and aesthetic applications.