Evaluation of traditional chicken production practices in the Gursum district of the Fafan Zone, Somali regional State, Ethiopia

Traditional chicken production is a vital component of rural livelihoods in Ethiopia, contributing to household income, food security, and cultural practices. However, its productivity is often constrained by multiple factors. This study aimed to evaluate these practices in the Gursum District of the Somali Regional State, an area where such systems are predominant yet poorly characterized. A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven purposively selected rural kebeles of the Gursum district. Data were collected from 160 households using a structured questionnaire, supplemented by direct observations and key informant interviews. The study revealed that the majority of households kept indigenous chicken breeds, 153 (95.6%), under an extensive free-range system, 158 (98.8%). The main purposes of rearing chickens were income generation, 107 (66.9%), home consumption, 31 (19.4%), and cultural prestige, 22 (13.7%). Scavenging was the primary feed source, supplemented mainly with grains. Predation was a universal challenge, reported by all 160 (100%) respondents. Disease was a major constraint, with 156 (97.5%) of owners reporting health issues, primarily Coccidiosis, 82 (51.2%), external parasites, 56 (35.0%), and Newcastle Disease, 22 (13.8%). No vaccination programs were in place, and 88 (55%) of respondents relied on traditional medicine for treatment. Traditional chicken production in the Gursum district is predominantly a low-input, scavenging-based system. Its productivity is severely limited by high disease prevalence, pervasive predation, and suboptimal management practices. To enhance sustainability and output, targeted interventions focusing on veterinary service delivery, predator control, improved housing, and better feeding strategies are strongly recommended.