Review on the synthetic pathway and pharmacological significance of benzothiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry

Benzothiazole (BTZ) is a fused heterocyclic compound of a benzene ring and a thiazole moietythat shows several pharmacological characteristics. Its structural variation has proven advantageous in the development of novel therapeutic medicines, particularly in enhancing efficacy and reducing side effects in various treatments. The high degree of structural diversity of BTZ has set a milestone in the field of medicinal chemistry in providing capping fragments and core scaffolds for targeted drug design and synthesis according to their affinity for particular biological receptors. Over the past decade, researchers have shown their keen interest in the study of BTZ-based compounds in the practice of treating illness with strong therapeutic potency. This review provides a comprehensive idea about their synthesis and their wide range of biological activity, including anti-tubercular, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifungal, anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, etc. All of these facts lead to BTZ as a promising moiety for further research and exploration in the medical field. This component holds immense promise for modern drug discovery, which might ultimately lead to the development of novel and superior therapeutic treatments.