Phytochemical assisted synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Ficus religiosa leaf extract and its applications

This research focuses on the sustainable green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) using the leaf extract of Ficus religiosa (FR). The Fe3O4NPs displayed a UV–visible absorption peak at 350 nm, and XRD confirmed their crystalline nature. FTIR analysis demonstrated the presence of diverse functional groups responsible for the bioreduction of Fe3O4NPs. The SEM results revealed that Fe3O4NPs were spherical, and the EDX spectrum showed prominent peaks of iron and oxygen. Fe3O4NPs demonstrated significant antioxidant potential, with 68% TAA, 78% H2O2, and 66% DPPH radical scavenging activities at a concentration of 150 µg/mL. The IC50 values of FR-Fe3O4NPs were found to be 89 µg/mL for TAA; 80 µg/mL for H2O2 scavenging, and 96 µg/mL for DPPH radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the Fe3O4NPs exhibited potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. FR-Fe3O4NPs degraded 90% of methylene blue within 120 min. Thus, this study promotes eco-friendly, cost-effective synthesis with broad applications.