Geographical distribution, research trends, and emerging resources of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. in China: a bibliometric analysis

To systematically understand the research landscape, geographical distribution, and resource variability of Idesia polycarpa Maxim., we integrated bibliometric analysis with empirical phenotype assessments. We analysed 82 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection (1962–2024) and 155 core Chinese publications from CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases (1981–2024) using CiteSpace. Concurrently, we mapped the species’ distribution across China based on the Flora of China and related literature, and measured key phenotypic traits in fruits of four distinct colours from a single variety. I. polycarpa is primarily distributed across 19 provinces in southern China. Significant phenotypic differences ( P < 0.05) were found among the differently coloured fruits, providing direct trait-based evidence for understanding resource variation and guiding bioactive component research. International publications emerged earlier, showing three growth phases: slow (1966–2004), rapid (2005–2019), and stable (2020–2024). Domestic literature exhibited two phases: slow (1966–2005) and rapid growth (2006–2024). Research hotspots internationally focused on bioactive substance applications, with resource studies as an emerging trend, whereas domestic research initially emphasized resources, with bioactive compounds becoming a growing focus. This study offers a comprehensive resource distribution map and clarifies evolving research priorities, serving as a valuable reference for guiding future research directions and informing policy decisions.