A cross-modal attention for detecting hidden online gambling promotion in multilingual multimodal watermarked advertising images

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Authors: Abdul Azzam Ajhari, Rizal Fathoni Aji, Aprinaldi Jasa Mantau, Wisnu Jatmiko, Mahardhika Pratama
Cited by: 1
References: 24

Abstract

Abstract Online gambling operators increasingly evade regulation by concealing promotional content within watermarked advertising images across social media and compromised domains. Traditional text-centric monitoring fails in these scenarios, particularly in multilingual environments where visual obfuscation masks critical semantic cues. This paper proposes a robust hybrid multimodal framework that explicitly models fine-grained interactions between OCR-extracted text and visual structures. Our architecture leverages a Vision Transformer (ViT) for spatial feature encoding and XLM-RoBERTa for cross-lingual semantic representation, integrated via a text-guided cross-modal attention (CMA) mechanism. This allows the model to "attend" to specific image regions based on extracted textual tokens, effectively uncovering hidden promotional signals. Testing on a newly curated dataset of 4,485 manually verified multilingual watermarked advertising images, the framework achieves an Accuracy of 0.9947 and an F1-score of 0.9947 with perfect recall (1.0000), consistently outperforming late-fusion and modern encoder-pair baselines (ViT+mBERT). Our findings reveal that while visual cues provide strong complementary discriminative signals, CMA ensures robustness against OCR noise and linguistic variation by achieving zero false negatives under full supervision. This study provides a scalable, high-precision solution for cross-border regulatory monitoring in adversarial digital ecosystems.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis Multimodal Machine Learning Applications Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection

Publication details

Journal / source
Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
38
Issue
5
Publication date
11 April 2026
Language
EN