Research progress of spectroscopic detection technology in agricultural product quality detection

With the continuous improvement of smart agriculture and food safety requirements, accurate detection of agricultural product quality has become a key link in the entire agricultural industry chain. As an important non-destructive detection method for agricultural product quality, spectroscopic detection technology has achieved significant progress in detection accuracy, speed, and application scope in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the application research of technologies such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI), visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIR), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence imaging, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the quality detection of various agricultural products. It focuses on analyzing the latest achievements of these technologies in external quality evaluation, internal quality evaluation, nutrient component analysis, freshness and safety detection, and adulteration identification of agricultural products. This review also summarizes the challenges faced by existing spectroscopic detection technologies and proposes prospects for future development directions, including the development of miniaturized equipment, multi-technology integration, and intelligent analysis, aiming to provide comprehensive references for further research and application of spectroscopic technology in the field of agricultural product quality detection.