Does expectant fathers' attachment style or depressive mood relate to their embodied mentalizing capacity of their 12-month-old infant?

Parental embodied mentalizing is about how parents show with their body that they hold in mind their infants' mind. The main study's aim was to explore what influences fathers' embodied mentalizing. A random sample of 200 fathers and their 12-month-old infants were drawn from a large longitudinal, population-based dataset, the "Little in Norway (LiN)" study. Fathers' partner related attachment style was assessed at enrollment, symptoms of depression were measured four times during pregnancy and at 12 months postpartum, as was also parenting stress. Videotaped father-infant interactions were coded with the Parental Embodied Mentalizing Assessment (PEMA). Results showed that fathers of girls were demonstrating a higher capacity for embodied mentalizing compared to fathers of boys. There were no direct effects of prenatal depressive symptoms or attachment style on fathers embodied mentalizing, suggesting that lower levels of attachment insecurity and depressive symptoms do not necessarily compromise fathers' capacity for embodied mentalizing. However, depressive symptoms during pregnancy increased the likelihood of postpartum depressive symptoms and parenting stress. In combination, these increased risks were related to poorer embodied mentalizing in fathers. This suggests that being depressed both during pregnancy and when the infant is 12 months, as well as experiencing stress in the parenting role, may be risk factors for compromised embodied mentalizing.