High-value calcium chloride production from chicken, duck, and ostrich eggshell waste: A comparative analysis of different eggshells

The development of high-value-added by-products from eggshell waste is of great importance because it provides a beneficial food additive with high calcium concentration and easy digestibility. Eggs are a part of the daily diet in most countries, and a significant volume of their shells is discarded worldwide as waste. In this study, chicken, duck, and ostrich eggshells were treated with 4% hydrochloric acid subsequently, dried with various drying methods to calcium chloride extraction. Based on the TGA curves, chicken eggshells obtained by spray-drying, and blank had significant amounts of calcium carbonates, making them suitable for calcium chloride production. FTIR results indicated that there were many similarities in the organic compound compositions among the CaCl2 powders from different eggshells. SEM showed the CaCl2 powders from different eggshells were almost spherical in morphology. Results showed the CaCl2 powder yield extracted from chicken egg was higher than the duck and ostrich eggshells (p