Awareness, availability, and adequacy: Lived experiences of assistive technology use among commuters with disabilities in Lagos public transport

This study examines how commuters with disabilities in Lagos, Nigeria, engage with assistive technologies (ATs) across informal and formal public transport modes, including Danfo minibuses, BRT buses, and the Lagos Light Rail. Using a qualitative design involving participant observation with seven commuters and semi-structured interviews with twenty-two individuals with visual, mobility, hearing, and cognitive impairments, the study explores how ATs support or constrain their travel experiences. Findings reveal limited awareness of available ATs, inconsistent availability across transport modes, and inadequate or poorly maintained accessibility features that restrict independent mobility. The study proposes the Awareness, Availability, and Adequacy (AAA) framework as a diagnostic tool for improving AT integration. Actionable recommendations include targeted disability-inclusive training for transport operators, improved maintenance of physical and digital ATs, and co-design of accessible transport information systems with disability groups. These insights support more inclusive and context-appropriate transport planning in rapidly urbanising African cities.