Not all twins are identical: the geography of “twin” transition market applications

The twin (a joint green and digital) transition plays a key role in achieving Europe's Green Deal objectives. However, the interplay between regional capabilities and twin transition market applications is not well understood. This study employs Large Language Models to analyze web content from over 600,000 firms across German regions, identifying product-level contributions to the green and digital economy. The results indicate that artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities and the overall level of regional specialization are positively associated with the twin transition market applications. In contrast, we find no direct association between clean and twin (digital and clean) technological capabilities and the twin transition. This finding suggests that additional place-based conditions may be necessary to translate clean and twin technological capabilities into market applications. To support further research and evidence-based policymaking, we provide open access to the underlying dataset and the TwinTransition Mapper , our AI-based classification tool ( https://huggingface.co/TwinTransitionMapper ).