Patients’ and Physiotherapists’ Perspectives on Group-Based Interventions: A Mixed Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing the use, intention to use, satisfaction, attitudes, experience, and preferences regarding group-based interventions in physiotherapy, from the perspectives of patients and physiotherapists. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EBSCO CINAHL databases were searched from inception to September 6, 2024. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies used quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method designs; involved adult patients or physiotherapy professionals; and reported on determinants influencing the use, intention to use, satisfaction, attitudes, experiences, or preferences regarding group-based interventions in physiotherapy. DATA EXTRACTION: A data-based convergent synthesis approach was adopted. Two independent reviewers extracted data using a data extraction form, treating findings from all studies, regardless of methodological design, as qualitative data. Quantitative results were transformed into textual descriptions to enable integration with qualitative data. All findings were entered into a data matrix and then inductively grouped into common themes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria, out of 10,421 identified references. The review identified 32 distinct determinants, which were mapped to 9 of the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Key Theoretical Domains Framework domains included "Social influence," "Environmental context and resources," "Emotion," and "Beliefs about capabilities." Of the included studies, 38 focused on patients, 4 on physiotherapists, and 8 on both groups. Determinants of experience were the most frequently reported. From the patients' perspective, access to peer support, encouragement, and being among others facing similar challenges were the most frequently cited determinants of a positive experience, each mentioned in 23 studies. From the physiotherapists' perspective, group size was the most frequently cited determinant of experience, mentioned in 4 studies, with a suggested optimal size between 6 and 8 participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can help guide physiotherapy services and policy to better align interventions with the needs and contexts of both groups.