Application of MXene-based nanocomposites in electrochemical biosensors

MXene is among the most attractive two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for construction of advanced electrochemical biosensors owing to their superior electrical and mechanical properties, tunable hydrophilicity, large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent electrochemical properties, facile functionalization, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, MXene nanomaterials possess excellent conductivity, facilitating the electrical signal transmission in biosensors. They also offer a large surface area, providing active sites for interactions with biomolecules, thereby enhanced detection of various analytes contributing to the sensitive and precise construction of biosensors. In this review, recent breakthroughs in the concept, development, and bio-sensing applications of various MXene-based electrochemical biosensors have been summarized. More specifically, this review attempts to detail the MXene nanocomposites and MXene hydrogels as the most effective strategies to make full use of the electrochemical performance of MXene as well as the reports where MXene nanocomposites have been used in electrochemical biosensors, so that the future prospect of these cutting-edge 2D materials can be analyzed. This will help in developing innovative MXene-based biosensing platforms towards advancing the application of such devices in point-of-care (POC) diagnosis.