Understanding post-surgical recovery in vestibular schwannoma: A qualitative exploration of patient experiences

Introduction: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve, often causing hearing loss, balance disturbances, and psychosocial challenges. While surgical resection is standard, the long-term biopsychosocial impact of surgery is poorly understood. Research question: What are the physical, psychological, and social challenges experienced by patients up to five years after VS surgery? Material and methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured video call interviews with 12 patients recruited via a patient advocacy group. Interviews explored postoperative experiences across physical, psychological, and social domains. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis with a coding system developed deductively and refined inductively. Saturation was reached after 12 interviews. Results: Participants reported diverse physical symptoms, including hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, pain, fatigue, and facial nerve palsy. Psychological challenges included anxiety, depression, cognitive difficulties, and reduced stress tolerance. Social changes encompassed strained relationships, withdrawal from work and leisure activities, and limited social participation. Physical, psychological, and social challenges interacted dynamically, with emotional distress amplifying social isolation and healthcare provider support influencing coping and adaptation. Discussion and conclusion: VS surgery has a multifaceted, long-term impact on patients' lives. The interplay of physical, psychological, and social challenges underscores the need for holistic, multidisciplinary care, early patient education, and integration of supportive interventions. Engagement from healthcare providers plays a key role in mitigating distress and facilitating adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of addressing biopsychosocial aspects to improve long-term recovery and health-related quality of life in VS patients.