Nutritional, Anti-inflammatory, and in-silico inhibitory Studies of Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) on HER2 breast cancer protein

This study evaluated the phytochemical, nutritional, anti-inflammatory, and in-silico anticancer properties of T. versicolor and F. velutipes . Phytochemical screening revealed high levels of phenols, saponins, and flavonoids in both species. Nutritional profiling showed F.velutipes had higher energy (491.57 kcal/100 g), protein (24.71%), and fiber (15.12%) contents when compared to T. versicolor (426.73 kcal/100 g, 19.66% protein, 12.42% fiber). Both species contained significant potassium, magnesium, calcium, and vitamins (A, B2, C), with F. velutipes exhibiting significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration of vitamin C (77.54 mg/100 g) while T. versicolor also showed significantly higher vitamin B2 (2.46 mg/100 g) values. Anti-inflammatory assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation, with T. versicolor achieving 62.5% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and F. velutipes outperforming prednisolone (28.65 vs. 12.16 μg/mL IC 50 value). In-silico molecular docking against HER2 revealed promising anticancer potential: rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol from T. versicolor exhibited binding affinities (−5.88 to −5.78 kcal/mol) comparable to doxorubicin (−5.43 kcal/mol), while F. velutipes compounds orientin and catechin showed affinities of −5.24 and −5.70 kcal/mol. In conclusion, T. versicolor and F. velutipes contain diverse bioactive phytochemicals, a rich nutritional profile and significant anti-inflammatory activity and demonstrate promising anticancer potential in in-silico analysis, highlighting their potential as functional foods with therapeutic relevance.