Exploring differential gene correlations in Arabidopsis thaliana for sustainable space farming

• Understanding plant adaptation to lunar conditions for human presence on the Moon • Leveraging in-situ resources for the success of extended missions • Differential gene correlation analysis for crop enhancement in space exploration • Unveiling molecular processes to develop plants that thrive in lunar regolith The plans for sustained human presence on the Moon have increased interest in understanding the effects of lunar conditions on terrestrial biology. Plants play a vital role in space exploration, as they not only generate oxygen and remove carbon dioxide but also provide fresh food that can be rich in nutraceutical compounds important for astronaut survival in long-duration missions. Understanding how to leverage in-situ resources, such as lunar regolith, is crucial for sustainable space exploration. However, using regolith as substrate for plant growth is challenging due to its composition and lack of organic matter. While previous research has primarily examined the gene expression of Arabidopsis thaliana under lunar conditions, it has mainly focused on individual gene activity, neglecting the interactions between genes within networks. This study goes beyond traditional approaches by employing differential gene correlation analysis to explore how gene pairs interact across different regolith environments. This strategy provides a deeper understanding of plant adaptation mechanisms, offering valuable insights for optimizing plant growth in extraterrestrial environments.