Characterization of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the air of sports facilities

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in sports facilities is not yet well known compared to other indoor environments such as homes, schools or offices. However, the intense activity associated with sport and the widespread use of plastic-based furniture and coverings can lead to an increase in exposure to organic contaminants. The aim of this study was to characterize the indoor air quality of 10 sports halls of different activities. Targeted and non-targeted analytical approaches were applied to provide the broadest possible screening with a focus on emerging pollutants and led to identify and quantify more than a hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Two sampling campaigns were carried out in unoccupied and occupied rooms to assess the impact of physical activities on IAQ. For VOCs, composition and concentration levels are globally close to those of other indoor environments, with a predominance of carbonyls, especially hexanal. However, some specific and emerging compounds (like benzothiazole, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and 1-(2-methoxy-1-methyl ethoxy)-2-propanol)) were highlighted. Acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, emitted by human body, were identified as occupancy tracers. For SVOCs, phthalates (DiBP, DBP) are the most abundant in compositions, followed by organophosphate flame retardants (EHDPP, TCPP) and PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene) with particularly high PAH concentrations in one weight room, probably released from a recycled rubber flooring. The impact of ventilation on VOC and SVOC concentrations in air was also assessed, with an overall positive effect.